Preliminary Analyses for Race & Nation on Twitter: Romanian & Bulgarian Migration to the UK
Roushdat Elaheebocus, Justin Murphy (@jmrphy), Jessica Ogden (@jessogden), and Bindi Shah
The code repository for this project is at https://github.com/jmrphy/migration_tweets. Feel free to send questions or comments to Justin Murphy at j.murphy@soton.ac.uk or @jmrphy.
This document is a preliminary analysis of every Twitter status update created between October 1, 2013 and March 1, 2014 which refers to immigration and contains any of the following terms: Bulgaria/Bulgarian, Romania/Romanian, England, UK, Britain. The sample contains a total of 136960 tweets.
There is a total of 1048 retweets in the sample. I’m pretty sure this is much much fewer than other studies of more specific conversations, suggesting there is a lot of disconnected tweeting.
Eigenvector centrality refers to the degree to which nodes are connected to other highly connected nodes. This is a standard overall indicator of influence or network power. Betweenness centrality refers to the degree to which a node connects the other nodes of the network. Nodes with high betweeness centrality are “brokers,” not necessarily influential in a direct sense but powerful because they provide certain clusters with access to other clusters.
## Frequency Term
## 1 110935 immigr
## 2 15708 migrat
## 3 15491 britain
## 4 15226 migrant
## 5 13381 ukip
## 6 10986 the
## 7 9032 romanian
## 8 8846 say
## 9 8844 illeg
## 10 8298 minist
## 11 8205 will
## 12 7716 amp
## 13 6687 news
## 14 5902 bulgarian
## 15 5793 benefit
## 16 5046 new
## 17 4814 cameron
## 18 4790 year
## 19 4479 can
## 20 4317 polici
## 21 4255 england
## 22 4140 net
## 23 4086 make
## 24 4062 british
## 25 4055 peopl
Random Examples of Most Negative Tweets
## [1] campbellclaret immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting englandfootball bully dailymail masthead
## [2] who hates britain immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay bating daily mail
## [3] mehdi hasan who hates britain it s immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail yes
## [4] who hates britain immigrant bashing women hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail ralph milliband
## [5] who hates uk s immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting dailymailuk mehdirhasan
## [6] who hates britain immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay bating daily mail
## [7] rt agree please immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermine gay bashing dailymail i believe uk do
## [8] who hates britain it isn t dead jewish refugee belgium served royal navy s immigrant bashing woman hating
## [9] who hates britain immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail
## [10] scotsw mehdirhasan immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting hates britain dailyfail
## [11] who hates uk s immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting dailymailuk mehdirhasan
## [12] if anyone hates britain s immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail
## [13] does immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail hate britain
## [14] who hates britain s immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail
## [15] who hates britain it isn t dead jewish refugee served navy s immigrant bashing woman hating
## [16] who hates britain immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail
## [17] hates britain s immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail bbcqt
## [18] lets debate hates britain immigrant bashing muslim smearing gay hating nhs undermining daily mail mehdirhasan
## [19] who hates uk the immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail mehdirhasan nails
## [20] upnorthandgrim there london riots sick cunts fuck em back immigration killing uk
## [21] uk immigrant problems british people write angry letters the guardian russia immigrant problems russians get drunk smash shit
## [22] social unrest failing justice system immigration free country falling apart the decline irreversible rip england
## [23] who hates britain the immigrant bashing women hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting dailymailuk
## [24] hates britain s immigrant bashing woman hating muslim smearing nhs undermining gay baiting daily mail mehdi hasan
## [25] whyiamin uncontrolled immigration strain jobs housing destruction nhs crime social division doh whyiamout ukip
## 91260 Levels: ... zzzzzz s sleep well fellow tweeters except torys libdems ukip bnp amp edl will clegg keep word cameron immigrationRandom Examples of Most Positive Tweets
## [1] welcome riba welcome elite organised crime welcome uk disclaimer if re immigrant re welcome uk
## [2] immigration reform advocates stand dignity respect latism
## [3] immigration reform boost economy the tennessean immigration reform boost
## [4] ukip true majority immigrants coming benefits offered soft touch uk top nhs fair dc
## [5] well said boris one politicians brave enough publicly state immigration great uk
## [6] uk immigration exciting times firm feel new extradition department will compliment award winning immigration team well
## [7] cameron vows tories will build better britain yes new work force immigrants work cheaper
## [8] just well mo farah won gold medals made britain feel great immigration marrshow
## [9] lbc then tougher demands marriage conducted like documents immigration status proving right uk
## [10] rt julianhuppert about speak benefits uk immigration argue immigration controls fair accurate prompt
## [11] about speak benefits uk immigration argue immigration controls fair accurate prompt fb
## [12] it s cool immigrants children immigrants prove love britain do love can just like
## [13] uk constitution fair rule law protected immigrants right appeal fair
## [14] vanessa gold jacqueline gold blimey well done you get gold star day although uk immigration will high alert
## [15] well donne the hackintosh community you rocks mavericks works like charm migration mountain lion thanks
## [16] would support comprehensive immigration reform led detentions record video comment
## [17] timeisnow fair immigration reform protect family unity workers rights support share
## [18] robertkruk office aaronw readify good luck migration well worth
## [19] i m immigrants coming uk work claim benefits am i supporting right political party or i still torie
## [20] charliewvivid good luck campaigning immigration rules will better serve uk s need skilled labour
## [21] musik charlescwcooke if immigrant smart clever witty charles i think uk love
## [22] pperrin uk liked worldwide fairness tolerance amp rightly but immigrants bypass democratic france benefits
## [23] amjadmbashir ukip well controlled immigration fair integration best way communities communicate respect
## [24] it s argument say immigrants get support freedoms country birth s left uk fair amp free
## [25] conayuk xsophieshania good policies like working immigrants haimg speak fairly fluent english least gcses
## 91260 Levels: ... zzzzzz s sleep well fellow tweeters except torys libdems ukip bnp amp edl will clegg keep word cameron immigration